Source material located in the first part of a sentence separated by an em dash (two hyphens) is cited with the number placed before the dash begins.There is no space between the punctuation and the numeral. In-text superscripted numbers appear after the punctuation and quotation marks at the end of a cited clause or sentence.CMS In-Text Numbering RulesĬMS In-Text Numbering Rules are as follows: The superscripted number flags the reader's attention to the existence of a citation note bearing the same number located either at the bottom of a page or the end of a book or document. All that's needed is a superscripted number: a raised numeral located at the end of a clause or sentence identifying the content as outside source material.
Unlike the MLA and the APA, no parenthetical information is required. The CMS - Notes in-text citation system is simple: It relies on numbers.
Citing Sources within Your Document (Using In-Text Numbering) In it you will find many corresponding or similar documentation patterns. This guide is largely based on style recommendations from the 14th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, however, you may also wish to consult the 6th edition of Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). Check with your instructor on what is expected when you are asked to use this style. These notes replace the types of end documentation found in both the MLA and APA systems, though it is advised that a bibliography accompany any document containing numerous notes regardless of their location. Inserted at the point of reference, superscripted numbers interact with sequentially numbered footnotes listed at the bottom of a page or endnotes listed at the end of the document. A separate guide explains the Chicago Manual of Style (Author/Date System). A bit more complex than either the MLA or the APA, it offers two approaches for documenting sources: 1) a notes system and, 2) an author/date system similar to the APA. The CMS style documentation system is used in both the humanities and the social sciences.
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